@proceedings {268,
	title = {Age-constraints on fabric reactivation in the Tusas Range, northern New Mexico, using electron-microprobe monazite geochronology; implications for the nature of regional approximately 1400 Ga deformation},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Accession Number: 2004-044516; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 2002 annual meeting; Denver, CO, United States; Conference Date: 20021027; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 180; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200413; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 2002 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2002/10/01/},
	pages = {180 - 180},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {A key issue in constructing models for the southward growth of Laurentia during the Proterozoic is distinguishing the effects of approximately 1650 Ma and approximately 1400 Ma tectonism. These events share similar styles of deformation and metamorphism, making it difficult to assign structures, fabrics, and metamorphic phases to a particular event. The fundamental geometry of this orogen in the southwestern United States is defined in many areas by fold-fault pairs and isolated synclines of thick approximately 1700 Ma quartzite. In-situ EMP chemical dating of monazite, combined with detailed structural analysis, indicates that such synclines within the Tusas Range of northern New Mexico (locally F (sub 3) ) were substantially modified, if not developed, during approximately 1400 Ma tectonism. Monazite grains from the Ortega quartzite in the central Tusas Range display a shape preferred orientation parallel to the axial-planar fabric of these folds (S (sub 3) ), with overgrowth rims preferentially developed in the X direction of strain. These monazite grains have either >1700 Ma cores or approximately 1650 Ma cores with approximately 1400 Ma overgrowth rims, or are entirely approximately 1400 Ma in age. Field and microstructural observations show that the upright, east-west trending F (sub 3) and S (sub 3) are reactivations of older, northwest-trending fabrics and structures. The presence of approximately 1650 Ma overgrowth rims on monazite grains from the central and northern Tusas Range implies that these folds and fabrics may have nucleated prior to approximately 1400 Ma tectonism. Previous studies have shown an increase in approximately 1400 Ma monazite ages from north to south within the range, consistent with a similar increase in metamorphic grade. This gradient suggests that the central and northern Tusas may have been at progressively shallower crustal levels during approximately 1400 Ma tectonism, thus increasing the preservation of older fabrics, structures, and metamorphic monazite from south to north within the range. These observations support the hypothesis that approximately 1400 Ma tectonism locally reactivated and utilized pre-existing structures and fabrics, but had also profoundly shaped the geometry and metamorphic character of the orogen.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, dates, deformation, electron probe data, fabric, folds, geochronology, Geochronology 03, geometry, in situ, Laurentia, Mesoproterozoic, metamorphism, monazite, New Mexico, northern New Mexico, orogeny, Ortega Group, overgrowths, phosphates, Precambrian, preferred orientation, proterozoic, reactivation, Southwestern U.S., strain, structural analysis, Structural geology 16, synclines, tectonics, Tusas Mountains, United States, upper Precambrian, zoning},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {http://silk.library.umass.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\&db=geh\&AN=2004-044516\&site=ehost-live\&scope=site},
	author = {Joseph P Kopera and Williams, Michael L. and Jercinovic, Michael J.}
}
@proceedings {271,
	title = {Arsenic in central Massachusetts bedrock and groundwater},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Accession Number: 2011-044094; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting; Denver, CO, United States; Conference Date: 20101031; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 2; Collation: 216-217; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 201125; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2010/11/01/},
	pages = {216 - 217},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Across the New England "arsenic belt," groundwater arsenic (As) concentrations often exceed the EPA{\textquoteright}s 0.01-mg/L drinking water standard. In overburden groundwater at a site within this belt in north-central Massachusetts, As has been reported at levels up to 7.6 mg/L. Bedrock at the site consists of Silurian Central Maine Terrane metasediments intruded by the Devonian Ayer granodiorite and Chelmsford granite. Exchange of hydrothermal fluids between these lithologies during intrusion and later deformation, faulting, and metamorphism resulted in crystallization of arsenic-bearing minerals, including arsenopyrite. Quaternary deglaciation and unloading dilated joint systems in the bedrock, allowing increased exposure of the mineralogy to meteoric water. Several arsenopyrite alteration products (e.g., scorodite), of varying solubilities, precipitated on fracture surfaces and along grain boundaries between major phases. In the emerging conceptual model for this site, groundwater is recharged in bedrock uplands and moves downgradient through the fracture network, becoming increasingly reducing as it moves along a flow path. Arsenic dissolved from arsenopyrite and arsenic-bearing alteration phases in bedrock remains in solution until the groundwater discharges to lowland areas hydraulically downgradient. In these adjacent lowlands, glacial sand and gravel overburden lies above the bedrock. When the reducing water reaches more oxidizing conditions, As-sorbing hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) precipitate out on the aquifer solids, resulting in accumulation of As in the deep overburden aquifer. A large landfill at this site, now closed and capped, imposed reducing conditions, and As is mobilized into groundwater by reductive dissolution of the HFO. The presence of elevated As in groundwater is consistent with arsenic-bearing phases generated in granitoids at depth during regional metamorphism, which were subsequently altered, and are being solubilized at present by the circulation of shallow groundwater through varying redox environments. This scenario is supported by geochemical and petrographic studies of the granitoids and the occurrence of the highest groundwater and soil arsenic concentrations in the adjacent deep overburden.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, alteration, arsenic, arsenides, arsenopyrite, Ayer Granodiorite, BEDROCK, central Massachusetts, chelmsford granite, Devonian, dilation, discharge, dissolved materials, drinking water, Eh, fractures, General geochemistry 02A, geochemistry, granites, ground water, igneous rocks, joints, massachusetts, metals, metamorphism, meteoric water, overburden, Paleozoic, petrography, plutonic rocks, pollutants, reduction, solubility, solution, sulfides, theoretical models, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010AM/finalprogram/abstract_182430.htm},
	author = {McTigue, David F. and Stein, Carol L. and Brandon, William C. and Joseph P Kopera and Keskula, Anna J. and Koteas, G. Christopher}
}
@proceedings {284,
	title = {Evidence for arsenic-mineralization in granitic basement rocks, Ayer Granodiorite, northeastern Massachusetts},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Accession Number: 2010-100047; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 45th annual meeting; Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 59th annual meeting; Baltimore, MD, United States; Conference Date: 20100314; Language: English; Coordinates: N420800N424400W0710200W0715300; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 160; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 201052; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 45th annual meeting; Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 59th annual meeting; joint meeting, abstracts volume; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2010/03/01/},
	pages = {160 - 160},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Core samples of the Ayer Granodiorite along the eastern margin of the Merrimack Belt in northeastern Massachusetts host a series of sulfide and oxide phases that resulted from interaction with sulfide-bearing meta-sedimentary host rocks. Euhedral arsenopyrite grains are found with ilmenite, apatite, and REE phosphates in zones that generally mimic the intersection between a gneissic fabric and a relict magmatic foliation. Arsenopyrite crystals are typically elongate with this lineation. Euhedral to subhedral pyrite crystals have also been observed, but are localized to areas without As-bearing phases. Micro-fractures that parallel either a steep NW-striking joint set or gently-dipping sheeting joints are commonly filled with interwoven calcite cements and As-bearing Fe-oxides. Surface coatings of major fracture sets are also characterized by Fe-As-rich rinds that host micron-scale sub-angular particles of quartz, feldspars, and phyllosilicates. Where micro-fractures are most concentrated, sulfide-bearing minerals are less common; however, subhedral to anhedral arsenopyrite grains do occur along some open micro-fractures. These crystals preserve lobate grain boundaries and are associated with As-bearing Fe-oxide-rich coatings along adjacent fractures. The presence of 1) pyrite, 2) arsenopyrite associated with phosphates, and 3) As-bearing fracture coatings suggests multiple stages of mineralization. We propose that intrusion-related fluid-rock interaction associated with heating of nearby sulfide-bearing schists of the Berwick Formation during Acadian orogenesis may have provided the necessary constituents for growth of sulfide phases in the Ayer. It appears that Late Devonian greenschist facies metamorphism and metasomatism led to mineralization that generated arsenopyrite and accompanying phosphates; however, the role of the cross-cutting Clinton Newbury Fault Zone as a conduit for hydrothermal fluids may also be important. Lower temperature As-bearing Fe-oxide and calcite coatings on open fractures surfaces may be associated with a change from lithostatic- to hydrostatic-pressures during post-glacial regional uplift. This mineralization appears to be synchronous with intense microfracturing that post-dates all other mineralization.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, acadian, arsenic, arsenides, arsenopyrite, Ayer Granodiorite, Berwick formation, fractured materials, geochemistry, granodiorites, Igneous and metamorphic petrology 05A, igneous rocks, lower Paleozoic, massachusetts, Merrimack Synclinorium, metals, metamorphic rocks, metamorphism, metasedimentary rocks, metasomatism, Middlesex County Massachusetts, migration of elements, mineralization, Mineralogy of non-silicates 01C, northeastern Massachusetts, orogeny, Paleozoic, plutonic rocks, pollutants, pollution, pyrite, sulfides, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010NE/finalprogram/abstract_169998.htm},
	author = {Koteas, G. Christopher and Keskula, Anna J. and Stein, Carol L. and McTigue, David F. and Joseph P Kopera and Brandon, William C.}
}
@proceedings {294,
	title = {Fracture characterization of crystalline bedrock for groundwater investigations; an example from the Marlborough Quadrangle, Massachusetts},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Accession Number: 2005-077195; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 38th annual meeting; Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 53rd annual meeting; Washington, DC, United States; Conference Date: 20040325; Language: English; Coordinates: N421800N421800W0713000W0713000; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 113; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200524; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 38th annual meeting; Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 53rd annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2004/03/01/},
	pages = {113 - 113},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Integration of a wide array of structural data with well-field hydrologic testing is increasingly recognized as a critical step in understanding groundwater flow behavior and recharge in crystalline bedrock aquifers (Lyford et al., 2003, Walsh and Lyford, 2002). The Marlborough Quadrangle, about 40 km west of Boston, was selected as a test case of how a state geological survey can most effectively and efficiently collect and present such data in order to better constrain conceptual models of groundwater flow in general and to be of maximum use for hydrologists and consultants working on specific local problems. In this study, 3200 structural measurements were taken by a two-person team over a nine-week period at 68 stations distributed throughout the quadrangle and keyed into a GIS database. Specialized data sheets allowed efficient recording and digitization of orientations, lengths, spacing and mineralization, and separation of various classes of joints and veins. Fault data also included motion direction and sense. Summary maps in GIS format include standard geologic map bases overlain by typical rose diagrams and stereograms and maps such as fracture domains and trajectories, sheeting distribution, foliation trajectories, bedrock elevations, generalized piezometric surface configuration, and overburden type and thickness with separations into permeability class. Geology of the quadrangle can be separated into three zones: (a) north of the Assabet River Fault (ARF), (b) the area between the ARF and 1.5 km-wide Bloody Bluff Fault Zone (BBFZ), and (c) south of the BBFZ. Generalized foliations in the zones are: (a) 215, 50N, (b) 240, 65N, and (c) 270, 45N. Two pervasive, steeply-dipping (>60 degrees ) fracture sets occur throughout the quadrangle: an older 150 degrees set that includes sulfide-bearing veins and fracture surfaces along the ARF and a 015 degrees set of largely unmineralized common joints, macrojoints (>3 m length) and joint zones (av. 1.2 m width). Sheeting and unloading joints are generally coincident with shallow dipping foliation in (c) but cross-cut foliation in (a) and (b). We believe this approach will provide hydrologists and consultants with basic framework data that will expedite and improve the planning of subsurface investigations, construction activities and groundwater exploration.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, Assabet River Fault, BEDROCK, characterization, controls, crystalline rocks, fractured materials, fractures, geographic information systems, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, hydrology, information systems, joints, Marlborough Quadrangle, massachusetts, Middlesex County Massachusetts, permeability, preferential flow, recharge, style, testing, theoretical models, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2004NE/finalprogram/abstract_70321.htm},
	author = {Scott A Salamoff and Stephen B Mabee and Joseph P Kopera and Donald U Wise}
}
@proceedings {296,
	title = {Fracture patterns across two terrane boundaries in eastern Massachusetts; implications for regional groundwater flow and recharge},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Accession Number: 2010-054322; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 2006 annual meeting; Philadelphia, PA, United States; Conference Date: 20061022; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 434; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 201030; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 2006 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2006/10/01/},
	pages = {434 - 434},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {The integration of structural data and field-based observations is becoming increasingly critical in understanding groundwater flow behavior and recharge potential. Over the past 3 years, the Office of the Massachusetts State Geologist (OMSG) has collected 8225 fracture measurements from 187 stations across 3 adjacent quadrangles as part of its bedrock geologic mapping program. These data provide a north-south transect across the Nashoba Terrane and its boundaries with the Merrimack Belt and Avalon Terranes in eastern Massachusetts. Areas with similar fracture patterns can be grouped into "hydrostructural domains" with distinct hydrogeologic properties. Within the above transect, hydrostructural domains were observed to closely correspond with bedrock lithology and ductile structure, and therefore, tectonic history. Such domains are commonly bounded by faults or intrusive contacts. Common features observed across all domains include a NE-striking regional foliation with corresponding NW-striking, steeply-dipping cross-joints. Strongly layered metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of the Merrimack Belt and the Marlborough Formation in the Nashoba Terrane tend to have the most pervasive and closely-spaced foliation-parallel fractures (FPF). Foliation intensity and FPF generally increases towards shear zones and regional fault systems, especially within granites and gneisses. The moderate to steeply dipping, well-developed FPF in these rocks provides a potentially excellent conduit for vertical recharge and a strong NE-trending regional anistropy that may control groundwater flow. Granitoidal rocks have very consistent NS-EW orthogonal networks of vertical fractures and subhorizontal sheeting joints, providing excellent potential for vertical recharge and near-surface lateral flow. Features such as small brittle faults, fracture zones, fold axes, and fracture sets distinct to each domain may dominate local groundwater flow and recharge. Abstract 116563 modified by 72.70.224.253 on 7-12-2006},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, Avalon Zone, BEDROCK, eastern Massachusetts, faults, foliation, fractures, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, joints, massachusetts, Merrimack Belt, movement, observations, patterns, properties, recharge, shear zones, style, terranes, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2006AM/finalprogram/abstract_116563.htm},
	author = {Stephen B Mabee and Joseph P Kopera}
}
@proceedings {297,
	title = {Geochemistry of gneisses and amphibolites in the Uchee Belt of western Georgia and eastern Alabama; an ACRES progress report},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Accession Number: 2002-039126; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 49th annual meeting; Charleston, SC, United States; Conference Date: 20000323; Language: English; Coordinates: N322800N322800W0845900W0845900; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 31; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200214; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 49th annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2000/03/01/},
	pages = {31 - 31},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Undergraduate students, high school teachers, and university faculty representing ACRES (Atlanta Consortium for Research in Earth Sciences) studied lineated gneiss (LG) exposed at Flat Rock Park (FRP) and vicinity in Columbus, GA, and Motts gneiss (MG) in eastern Alabama. The LG and MG are mineralogically and geochemically granitoidal lineated orthogneisses. They contain deformed mafic xenoliths, as well as aplitic, granitic and pegmatoidal dikes that cut the dominant lineation. Based on chemical analyses, the LG from FRP and the MG plot as granite on the IUGS diagrams and the Le Bas diagram. Similarity in incompatible trace element ratios (e.g., Zr/Nb) and highly evolved characteristics of aplite with respect to the host gneisses, indicate there is probably a genetic link between the MG and the FRP LG. These rocks are chemically distinct from other nearby felsic gneiss. Phenix City gneiss amphibolites from Lindsey Creek and North Highland Mills dam in Columbus were also analyzed for major and trace elements. These amphibolites are low K tholeiitic rocks with an island arc affinity and are similar to rocks from the area that have already been analyzed. The amphibolites show a wide range of fractionation (41 to 62 percent SiO (sub 2) ). Consistency in incompatible element ratios over a wide range of fractionation of some of the samples show a probable genetic relationship among the various amphibolites of Lindsey Creek. Future work should involve more extensive collecting and analysis of both felsic rocks and amphibolites in the Uchee belt. More time should also be spent describing the thin sections of the existing collection and comparing the REE patterns for the FRP, MG and other felsic rocks in the Uchee belt.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, Alabama, amphibolite, chemical composition, Columbus Georgia, dikes, Georgia, gneisses, Igneous and metamorphic petrology 05A, inclusions, intrusions, metamorphic rocks, Muscogee County Georgia, Uchee Belt, United States, xenoliths},
	isbn = {00167592},
	author = {Joseph P Kopera and Nicholas, Brian and Todd, Dave and Davison, Jeff and Hanley, Tom and Kar, Aditya and La Tour, Timothy E. and Edwards, Tonya}
}
@proceedings {306,
	title = {Landslides from Tropical Storm Irene in the Deerfield Watershed, western Massachusetts},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Accession Number: 2014-027064; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 48th annual meeting; Bretton Woods, NH, United States; Conference Date: 20130318; Language: English; Coordinates: N411500N425500W0695500W0733000; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 2; Collation: 83-84; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 201417; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 48th annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2013/02/01/},
	pages = {83 - 84},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Four landslides (3 translational debris flows and 1 rotational slide) occurred along the Cold River within the Deerfield River watershed (1440 km (super 2) ) in northwestern Massachusetts closing a six mile section of Route 2, a major east-west transportation corridor, for 3.5 months. These are among the largest landslides to occur in Massachusetts since 1901. Tropical storm Irene dropped 180-250+ mm of rain in a 12 to 15-hour period on the Deerfield watershed preceded by 130-180 mm of rain in the 1.5 weeks leading up to Irene. Soils were saturated, an unusual condition for the month of August, and probably contributed significantly to slope failure. The three translational slides occurred at approximately 10 am on August 28, 2011, involved 765 m of slope at an average angle of 28-33 degrees , covered an area of 1.2 ha and moved about 7645 m (super 3) of material. Bedrock sheeting joints oriented parallel to the slope (284 degrees , 38-40 degrees dip) provided the slip surface upon which the overlying 0.6-1.2 m of colluvium and glacial till slid. The rotational slide occurred along an unarmored section of the Cold River. The slip surface was a 4-8 foot thick layer of laminated lake-bottom sediments overlain by 12-19 feet of stream terrace and debris flow/alluvial fan deposits transported by Trout Brook, a smaller tributary to the Cold River. This section of Route 2 has experienced chronic failures beginning with the storm of 1938. The cost to repair this six-mile section of Route 2 was $22.5 million. Flooding within the Deerfield watershed was extreme with a record-breaking peak flow of 3100 m (super 3) /s (72 year record) where the Deerfield enters the Connecticut River. Approximately 1.6x10 (super 8) m (super 3) of water was discharged through the Deerfield during the event indicating that approximately 112 mm of Irene{\textquoteright}s rainfall was converted directly to runoff, a yield of between 45\% and 62\%. Clays and silts locked in storage in the glacial sediments within the watershed were mobilized resulting in record-breaking sediment loads 5-times greater than predicted from the pre-existing rating curve. Approximately 1.2 Mtonnes of sediment was discharged by the river during Irene. Where the Deerfield and Connecticut Rivers meet, the Deerfield watershed area is one tenth the size of the Connecticut River, yet the Deerfield produced as much as 40\% of the total sediment observed on the lower Connecticut.},
	keywords = {$\#$Landslides, $\#$NaturalHazards, $\#$StaffPubs, Cold River, Deerfield Watershed, effects, Environmental geology, geologic hazards, Irene, landslide, landslides, mass movements, massachusetts, natural hazards, storms, Tropical Storm Irene, United States, western Massachusetts},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2013NE/webprogram/Paper215998.html},
	author = {Stephen B Mabee and Jonathan D Woodruff and Fellows, John and Joseph P Kopera}
}
@proceedings {267,
	title = {A new way of looking at, and mapping, bedrock; the hydrostructural domain map of the Ayer Quadrangle, northeastern Massachusetts},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Accession Number: 2008-100620; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 2006 annual meeting; Philadelphia, PA, United States; Conference Date: 20061022; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 166; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200816; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 2006 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2006/10/01/},
	pages = {166 - 166},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {While traditional bedrock geologic maps contain valuable information, they commonly lack data on fractures and physical properties of the rock. The increased need for better understanding of groundwater behavior in bedrock aquifers has made this data critical. Hydrostructural domain maps reclassify bedrock based on fracture systems and physical properties that may have implications for groundwater flow and recharge. These maps are constructed from detailed field observations and measurements of 2000-3000 fractures from 60-70 stations across a 7.5{\textquoteright} quadrangle. Hydrostructural domains are displayed on the map as traditional lithologic units would be, with detailed descriptions and photos of the fracture characteristics and physical properties of each hydrostructural "unit". In the Ayer Quadrangle, such domains closely correspond with bedrock lithology and ductile structural history. Steeply dipping metasedimentary rocks of the Merrimack Belt have pervasive, closely spaced, throughgoing fractures developed parallel to foliation, and therefore provide an excellent potential for vertical recharge. Where these rocks are intensely cut by a strong subhorizontal cleavage, a parallel fracture set dominates providing an opportunity for lateral flow. Massive granites generally have a well developed, widely-spaced orthogonal network of fracture zones which may provide excellent local recharge. High-grade gneisses of the Nashoba Terrane have poorly developed fracture sets except near regional shear zones, where foliation parallel fractures and cross-joints may provide good vertical recharge and provide a strong northeast trending flow anisotropy. These maps are intended to provide a regional-scale information to assist in site-specific groundwater investigations. We believe that such maps are an example of how new types of geologic maps can, and must, be developed to address changing societal needs.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, Ayer Quadrangle, BEDROCK, faults, foliation, fracture zones, fractures, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, joints, mapping, massachusetts, measurement, Merrimack Belt, movement, Nashoba terrane, northeastern Massachusetts, observations, orientation, physical properties, recharge, shear zones, Structural geology 16, style, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2006AM/finalprogram/abstract_116561.htm},
	author = {Joseph P Kopera and Stephen B Mabee}
}
@proceedings {316,
	title = {A structural framework for the Nashoba Terrane in eastern Massachusetts.},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {107},
	abstract = {The exhumation and tectonic significance of the migmatitic Cambro-Ordovician arc-complex of the Nashoba terrane, located between lower-grade rocks of the Avalon and Merrimack terranes in Massachusetts, has historically presented an enigma, in part, due to a lack of detailed analysis of internal structure. We propose a new terrane-scale structural model based on nearly a decade of detailed geologic mapping to provide a framework for future study. A subvertical NE-striking composite fabric (S (sub n/n-1) ) forms the dominant structural grain of the terrane. S (sub n) commonly deforms an older layer-parallel foliation (S (sub n-1) ) about meter- to kilometer-scale, upright to steeply inclined, NE- and SW-plunging, tight disharmonic folds (F (sub n) ). In the Nashoba Formation migmatites, S (sub n) commonly transposes a subhorizontal S (sub n-1) enveloping surface into spaced meter-scale subvertical shear bands that are absent in the dominantly metavolcanic Marlborough Formation. Fold axis-parallel mineral stretching and intersection lineations (L (sub n) ) are locally overprinted on S (sub n) by subhorizontal peak metamorphic to retrograde mineral lineations (L (sub n/n+1) ). Ambiguous D (sub n) kinematics in the NE transition SW along strike to top-to-NW normal fold vergence and drag along steep north-dipping S (sub n) axial planes and S (sub n) - S (sub n+1) shear bands. Later strain (S (sub n+1) - S (sub n+2) ) appears to be progressively partitioned at lower grade to pre-existing S (sub n) shear bands and discrete internal and terrane bounding fault zones which display early high-grade top-to-SE dextral or sinistral motion (S (sub n-1) - S (sub n) ) broadly overprinted by lower-grade top-NW movement (S (sub n+1) ). We propose a tentative tectonic history incorporating sparse existing geochronologic and petrologic studies: Top SW D (sub n-1) motion coeval with approximately 425 Ma sill-grade metamorphism and possible accretion. D (sub n) initiating syn approximately 395 Ma peak metamorphism with migmatite generation along S (sub n) and progressive bulk fabric development largely complete by the intrusion of the relatively undeformed approximately 349 Ma Indian Head Hill granite. Exhumation can be accommodated by well-documented syn-to-post D (sub n) regional sinistral motion combined with progressively lower grade top-NW extension along discrete structures continuing through deposition and deformation of presumed Carboniferous basin sediments along the terrane boundary.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, Cambrian, eastern Massachusetts, exhumation, fabric, fault zones, faults, foliation, massachusetts, metamorphism, Nashoba terrane, Ordovician, Paleozoic, Structural geology, tectonics, United States},
	issn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2013NE/webprogram/Paper215867.html},
	author = {Joseph P Kopera and Matthew A Massey}
}
@proceedings {269,
	title = {An update of geologic mapping in Massachusetts},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Accession Number: 2005-048993; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 38th annual meeting; Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 53rd annual meeting; Washington, DC, United States; Conference Date: 20040325; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 58; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200518; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 38th annual meeting; Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 53rd annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2004/03/01/},
	pages = {58 - 58},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Despite the state{\textquoteright}s relatively high population density and decades of detailed study of the bedrock geology, only about half of the 7.5{\textquoteright} quadrangles in Massachusetts have been published as GQ series geologic maps. As the state{\textquoteright}s population continues to grow, the availability of basic geologic data becomes increasingly crucial for informed land-use and water-management decision making. Much of the published 1:24000 scale geologic mapping predates recent advances in the understanding of regional tectonics, and needs to be updated. The Office of the State Geologist has begun a geologic mapping program in Massachusetts to address these needs. Two mapping projects were conducted through the STATEMAP component of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping program in 2003. These projects focused on 7.5{\textquoteright} quadrangles along the I-495 corridor, which is experiencing extensive population growth and development. The first project involved conversion of published 1:24,000-scale surficial geology to digital form for 10 quadrangles in southeastern Massachusetts. A semi-automated process was developed for this project that easily converts published paper geologic maps into vectorized, georeferenced datalayers. The second project involved 1:24000-scale geologic mapping of the Marlborough quadrangle in east-central Massachusetts. Products include traditional maps of bedrock and surficial geology as well as two new prototype products: a fracture characterization map and a surficial materials map. These projects mark the first time in Massachusetts{\textquoteright} history that quadrangle-scale geologic data will be available in digital form to consultants and stakeholders, thus greatly expediting and improving the use and analysis of all geologic data. In addition, the inclusion of fracture characterization and surficial materials maps adds substantially to the value of traditional geologic map products. The new maps provide supplemental data on the hydrologic characteristics of the bedrock and the vertical stacking of surficial deposits that previously was unavailable. STATEMAP projects in 2004 will continue to focus along the I-495 corridor, and will involve revision and new mapping in the Wilmington, Reading, South Groveland, Lawrence, Hudson, and Oxford quadrangles.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, data, data acquisition, data processing, digital data, Geologic maps 14, mapping, massachusetts, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, programs, publications, regional, review, STATEMAP, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	author = {Joseph P Kopera and Stephen B Mabee and Scott A Salamoff and Hildreth, Carol}
}
@article {314,
	title = {Overcoming the momentum of anachronism; American geologic mapping in a twenty-first-century world},
	journal = {Special Paper - Geological Society of America},
	volume = {502},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013/09/01/},
	pages = {103 - 125},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	abstract = {The practice of geologic mapping is undergoing conceptual and methodological transformation. Profound changes in digital technology in the past 10 yr have potential to impact all aspects of geologic mapping. The future of geologic mapping as a relevant scientific enterprise depends on widespread adoption of new technology and ideas about the collection, meaning, and utility of geologic map data. It is critical that the geologic community redefine the primary elements of the traditional paper geologic map and improve the integration of the practice of making maps in the field and office with the new ways to record, manage, share, and visualize their underlying data. A modern digital geologic mapping model will enhance scientific discovery, meet elevated expectations of modern geologic map users, and accommodate inevitable future changes in technology.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, applications, areal geology, cartography, computer programs, data processing, digital cartography, geographic information systems, Geologic maps 14, Global Positioning System, history, information systems, laser methods, lidar methods, mapping, methods, technology, United States},
	isbn = {00721077},
	url = {http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/502/103.abstract},
	author = {House, P. Kyle and Clark, Ryan and Joseph P Kopera}
}
