@proceedings {268,
	title = {Age-constraints on fabric reactivation in the Tusas Range, northern New Mexico, using electron-microprobe monazite geochronology; implications for the nature of regional approximately 1400 Ga deformation},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Accession Number: 2004-044516; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 2002 annual meeting; Denver, CO, United States; Conference Date: 20021027; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 180; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200413; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 2002 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2002/10/01/},
	pages = {180 - 180},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {A key issue in constructing models for the southward growth of Laurentia during the Proterozoic is distinguishing the effects of approximately 1650 Ma and approximately 1400 Ma tectonism. These events share similar styles of deformation and metamorphism, making it difficult to assign structures, fabrics, and metamorphic phases to a particular event. The fundamental geometry of this orogen in the southwestern United States is defined in many areas by fold-fault pairs and isolated synclines of thick approximately 1700 Ma quartzite. In-situ EMP chemical dating of monazite, combined with detailed structural analysis, indicates that such synclines within the Tusas Range of northern New Mexico (locally F (sub 3) ) were substantially modified, if not developed, during approximately 1400 Ma tectonism. Monazite grains from the Ortega quartzite in the central Tusas Range display a shape preferred orientation parallel to the axial-planar fabric of these folds (S (sub 3) ), with overgrowth rims preferentially developed in the X direction of strain. These monazite grains have either >1700 Ma cores or approximately 1650 Ma cores with approximately 1400 Ma overgrowth rims, or are entirely approximately 1400 Ma in age. Field and microstructural observations show that the upright, east-west trending F (sub 3) and S (sub 3) are reactivations of older, northwest-trending fabrics and structures. The presence of approximately 1650 Ma overgrowth rims on monazite grains from the central and northern Tusas Range implies that these folds and fabrics may have nucleated prior to approximately 1400 Ma tectonism. Previous studies have shown an increase in approximately 1400 Ma monazite ages from north to south within the range, consistent with a similar increase in metamorphic grade. This gradient suggests that the central and northern Tusas may have been at progressively shallower crustal levels during approximately 1400 Ma tectonism, thus increasing the preservation of older fabrics, structures, and metamorphic monazite from south to north within the range. These observations support the hypothesis that approximately 1400 Ma tectonism locally reactivated and utilized pre-existing structures and fabrics, but had also profoundly shaped the geometry and metamorphic character of the orogen.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, dates, deformation, electron probe data, fabric, folds, geochronology, Geochronology 03, geometry, in situ, Laurentia, Mesoproterozoic, metamorphism, monazite, New Mexico, northern New Mexico, orogeny, Ortega Group, overgrowths, phosphates, Precambrian, preferred orientation, proterozoic, reactivation, Southwestern U.S., strain, structural analysis, Structural geology 16, synclines, tectonics, Tusas Mountains, United States, upper Precambrian, zoning},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {http://silk.library.umass.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\&db=geh\&AN=2004-044516\&site=ehost-live\&scope=site},
	author = {Joseph P Kopera and Williams, Michael L. and Jercinovic, Michael J.}
}
@proceedings {273,
	title = {Comparison of lineaments with bedrock structures along a cross-strike transect, eastern Massachusetts},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Accession Number: 1999-032582; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 1998 annual meeting; Toronto, ON, Canada; Conference Date: 19981026; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 278; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 199912; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 1998 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {1998/01/01/},
	pages = {278 - 278},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Lineament data derived from three platforms, 1:58,000 color infrared photography (N = 770), 1:80,000 black and white photographs (N = 1106), and 1:250,000 SLAR imagery (N = 521), were used to determine the degree of coincidence between mapped faults and lineaments along a cross strike transect in eastern Massachusetts. The study area extends 27 km in an east-west direction and 8 km north-south and is located along the trace of a tunnel currently being constructed approximately 90 m below grade. Structural data are presently being collected from surface exposures along the tunnel trace and from within the 5 m diameter tunnel bore. These structural data will be compared with lineament data in the future. Reported here are the results of a comparison between the locations of lineaments and the position of major faults mapped on the Bedrock Geologic Map of Massachusetts (1:250,000). Lineaments were first mapped on acetate overlays in two independent trials and compared to determine which lineaments could be reproduced at the same geographic location. Reproducibility results indicate that 21 to 33\% of the lineaments can be reproduced at the same spatial position and are comparable to results obtained from other studies. The length of reproducible lineaments proximal to and approximately parallel with mapped faults was compared with the total length of faults (137 km) within the study area. Results show that a small percentage of the faults are coincident with reproducible lineaments. Three percent of the lengths are mapped by reproducible lineaments observed on the SLAR imagery, 7\% by the 1:80,000 scale photographs, and 5\% by the 1:58,000 color infrared photography. This indicates that 97\%, 93\%, and 95\% of the reproducible lineaments, respectively, are related to other geologic features in the bedrock or nothing at all.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aerial photography, BEDROCK, eastern Massachusetts, faults, geophysical surveys, imagery, lineaments, massachusetts, remote sensing, SLAR, Structural geology 16, surveys, tectonics, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	author = {Curry, Patrick J. and Williams, Katherine W. and Stephen B Mabee and Hardcastle, Kenneth C.}
}
@proceedings {279,
	title = {Correlation of lineaments to ground water inflows in the MWRA tunnel},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Accession Number: 2004-013313; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting; Boston, MA, United States; Conference Date: 20011101; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 2; Collation: 114-115; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200405; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2001/11/01/},
	pages = {114 - 115},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Lineaments derived from three image types (1:80,000 black and white (BW), 1:58,000 color infrared (CIR), and 1:250,000 side-looking airborne radar (SLAR)) were compared to water-bearing features within a 9.6 km section of tunnel being constructed through foliated crystalline metamorphic bedrock in a glaciated region of eastern Massachusetts. Lineaments drawn by three observers during two independent trials (N = 9137) were reduced to three sets (one per image type) of coincident lineaments (N = 794). Thirty-five coincident lineaments crossed the tunnel. Nineteen discrete flow zones, each producing less than or equal to 19 L/min, were identified in the tunnel and used to quantify the reliability of lineament analysis as a method of predicting water-bearing features in glaciated metamorphic rocks. Thirteen (68\%) of the flow zones correlate with coincident lineaments, six zones correlate with more than one image type, and one zone correlates with all three image types. Overall, it is difficult to distinguish lineaments that will be successful in predicting water-bearing zones from those that will be unsuccessful without considering other corroborating evidence. Most of the observed flow (80\%) correlates with northwest-trending coincident lineaments. However, the majority of the flow (67\%) associated with these lineaments is produced from structures that strike to the north or northeast. In addition, only fifteen of the thirty-five coincident lineaments correlate with the flow zones indicating that twenty lineaments are not associated with any appreciable flow. Six flow zones are undetected by the lineament analysis. In this study, BW lineaments are able distinguish high-yield through-going structures (at the 90\% confidence level) with greater reliability than the SLAR or CIR lineaments. However, linking bedrock type, overburden type, topographic position, and proximity to surface water bodies with lineament analysis improves the predictive capability of the lineament method.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, black and white, construction, correlation, eastern Massachusetts, Engineering geology 30, experimental studies, flow rates, geophysical methods, ground water, infrared methods, lineaments, mapping, massachusetts, metamorphic rocks, methods, movement, photogeology, radar methods, remote sensing, SLAR, tectonics, tunnels, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_22810.htm},
	author = {Stephen B Mabee and Curry, Patrick J. and Hardcastle, Kenneth C.}
}
@proceedings {285,
	title = {Factors influencing groundwater inflows in a newly constructed cross-strike tunnel, eastern Massachusetts; 1, Lineaments and subsurface structures},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Accession Number: 2001-037333; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting; Denver, CO, United States; Conference Date: 19991025; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 2; Collation: 347-348; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200111; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {1999/01/01/},
	pages = {347 - 348},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Lineaments derived from three platforms; 1:250,000 Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) images, 1:58,000 Color Infrared (CIR) and 1:80,000 Black and White aerial photographs (BW), were compared to water bearing structures (n = 99) within a 9 km, 70 to 90 meter deep, east-west tunnel being constructed in eastern Massachusetts. Lineaments were drawn by three observers during two independent trials to produce 18 sets of lineaments (n = 9137) covering approximately 1,000 km (super 2) centered over the tunnel. All lineaments for each platform were compared. Three or more overlapping lineaments (azimuths within 5 degrees and within 1 mm at the scale of the imagery) define a single coincident lineament. This analysis generated three sets of coincident lineaments (n = 794), of these 37 cross the tunnel. Buffers were placed around the coincident lineaments at a distance of 1 mm from the center of the lineament at the scale of the platform (e.g. 250 m for the SLAR image). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine if the median flow from all tunnel structures which underlie the lineament buffer zones is significantly greater than that of all structures outside of the buffer zones. Results indicate that median flow (11,000 l/day) from structures located within the buffer zones of the BW are significantly greater at the 90\% confidence level than the median flow (5,500 l/day) of structures located outside the buffer zones. No significant differences in flow were found for the other two platforms. Subsurface structures that parallel coincident lineaments (all platforms) and occur within the buffer zones have higher median flow (10,500 l/day) than those structures outside the buffer zones (6,600 l/day). However, this difference is significant at the 70\% confidence level. These results suggest that, in some instances, a thorough lineament analysis can predict water-bearing subsurface structures in poorly exposed, glaciated, metamorphic terrain that has a high degree of suburban development.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, BEDROCK, eastern Massachusetts, fractures, geophysical surveys, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, lineaments, massachusetts, metamorphic rocks, movement, New England, remote sensing, SLAR, strike, surveys, tectonics, tunnels, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	author = {Curry, Patrick J. and Hardcastle, Kenneth C. and Stephen B Mabee and Williams, Katherine W.}
}
@proceedings {286,
	title = {Factors influencing groundwater inflows in a newly constructed cross-strike tunnel, eastern Massachusetts; 2, Fracture-supported coincident lineaments and subsurface structures},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Accession Number: 2001-037344; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting; Denver, CO, United States; Conference Date: 19991025; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 348; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200111; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 1999 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {1999/01/01/},
	pages = {348 - 348},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {As part of the evaluation of the ability of lineaments to map subsurface structures, the coincident lineaments which intersect the tunnel (Curry et al., this volume), were evaluated to isolate those lineaments considered to be "fracture-supported". By definition, fracture-supported coincident lineaments are those which parallel nearby surface fracture sets, mapped faults, lithologic contacts, and/or primary ductile structures; features which may be influential to subsurface groundwater flow. Of the 37 coincident lineaments delineated on the three scales of imagery studied, approximately 70\% are considered to be fracture-supported: 9 of the 13 on the 1:58,000 scale images, 10 of 14 on the 1:80,000, and 8 of 10 on the 1:250,000. However, the general lack of surface exposure precludes high confidence in the assignment of fracture-supported status to most lineaments. Large areas devoid of outcrops necessitated extrapolation of regional, surface fracture patterns (domains) to help define some fracture-supported coincident lineaments. There are two occurrences where fracture-supported coincident lineaments from all three scales overlap and are parallel. One occurrence successfully maps the zone of greatest fracture density and highest groundwater inflow (>560 l/min). The other occurrence maps an area of high fracture density and significant subsurface flow (95 l/min). In addition, one other high flow zone (>190 l/min) is mapped by a fracture-supported coincident lineament from the 1:80,000 scale imagery. However, many subsurface fractures and flow zones (<75 l/min) are not mapped by the coincident lineaments regardless of whether or not they are fracture-supported. When considering all fracture-supported coincident lineaments and parallel subsurface structures, the median flow (13,600 l/day) for the mapped structures is greater than the unmapped structures (6,800 liters/day). However, this difference is only significant at the 60\% confidence level.Although the tunnel sections with the greatest fracture density and highest groundwater inflows are successfully mapped by fracture supported coincident lineaments, not all water-bearing zones are delineated.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, BEDROCK, controls, eastern Massachusetts, factors, fractures, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, imagery, lineaments, massachusetts, movement, New England, outcrops, Structural geology 16, tectonics, tunnels, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	author = {Hardcastle, Kenneth C. and Curry, Patrick J. and Williams, Katherine W. and Stephen B Mabee}
}
@proceedings {316,
	title = {A structural framework for the Nashoba Terrane in eastern Massachusetts.},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {107},
	abstract = {The exhumation and tectonic significance of the migmatitic Cambro-Ordovician arc-complex of the Nashoba terrane, located between lower-grade rocks of the Avalon and Merrimack terranes in Massachusetts, has historically presented an enigma, in part, due to a lack of detailed analysis of internal structure. We propose a new terrane-scale structural model based on nearly a decade of detailed geologic mapping to provide a framework for future study. A subvertical NE-striking composite fabric (S (sub n/n-1) ) forms the dominant structural grain of the terrane. S (sub n) commonly deforms an older layer-parallel foliation (S (sub n-1) ) about meter- to kilometer-scale, upright to steeply inclined, NE- and SW-plunging, tight disharmonic folds (F (sub n) ). In the Nashoba Formation migmatites, S (sub n) commonly transposes a subhorizontal S (sub n-1) enveloping surface into spaced meter-scale subvertical shear bands that are absent in the dominantly metavolcanic Marlborough Formation. Fold axis-parallel mineral stretching and intersection lineations (L (sub n) ) are locally overprinted on S (sub n) by subhorizontal peak metamorphic to retrograde mineral lineations (L (sub n/n+1) ). Ambiguous D (sub n) kinematics in the NE transition SW along strike to top-to-NW normal fold vergence and drag along steep north-dipping S (sub n) axial planes and S (sub n) - S (sub n+1) shear bands. Later strain (S (sub n+1) - S (sub n+2) ) appears to be progressively partitioned at lower grade to pre-existing S (sub n) shear bands and discrete internal and terrane bounding fault zones which display early high-grade top-to-SE dextral or sinistral motion (S (sub n-1) - S (sub n) ) broadly overprinted by lower-grade top-NW movement (S (sub n+1) ). We propose a tentative tectonic history incorporating sparse existing geochronologic and petrologic studies: Top SW D (sub n-1) motion coeval with approximately 425 Ma sill-grade metamorphism and possible accretion. D (sub n) initiating syn approximately 395 Ma peak metamorphism with migmatite generation along S (sub n) and progressive bulk fabric development largely complete by the intrusion of the relatively undeformed approximately 349 Ma Indian Head Hill granite. Exhumation can be accommodated by well-documented syn-to-post D (sub n) regional sinistral motion combined with progressively lower grade top-NW extension along discrete structures continuing through deposition and deformation of presumed Carboniferous basin sediments along the terrane boundary.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, Cambrian, eastern Massachusetts, exhumation, fabric, fault zones, faults, foliation, massachusetts, metamorphism, Nashoba terrane, Ordovician, Paleozoic, Structural geology, tectonics, United States},
	issn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2013NE/webprogram/Paper215867.html},
	author = {Joseph P Kopera and Matthew A Massey}
}
@article {278,
	title = {Correlation of lineaments to ground water inflows in a bedrock tunnel},
	journal = {Ground Water},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Accession Number: 2002-016666; Language: English; Coordinates: N420800N422800W0714300W0715300; Coden: GRWAAP; Collation: 7; Publication Types: Serial; Updated Code: 200206; Illustration(s): illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch map; Number of References: 38; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2002/02/01/},
	pages = {37 - 43},
	publisher = {National Ground Water Association : Urbana, IL, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Lineaments derived from three image types (1:80,000 black and white, 1:58,000 color infrared, and 1:250,000 side-looking airborne radar) were compared to water-bearing features within a 9.6 km section of tunnel being constructed through foliated crystalline metamorphic bedrock in a glaciated region of eastern Massachusetts. Lineaments drawn by three observers during two independent trials (N = 9137) were reduced to three sets (one per image type) of coincident lineaments (N = 794). Thirty-five coincident lineaments crossed the tunnel. Nineteen discrete flow zones, each producing >= 19 L/min, were identified in the tunnel and used to quantify the reliability of lineament analysis as a method of predicting water-bearing features in glaciated metamorphic rocks.

Thirteen (68\%) of the flow zones correlate with coincident lineaments, six zones correlate with more than one image type, and one zone correlates with all three image types. Overall, without additional corroborating evidence, it is difficult to interpret in advance which lineaments will result in a successful correlation with water-producing zones in the subsurface and which ones will not. Most of the observed flow (80\%) correlates with northwest-trending coincident lineaments; however, the majority of the flow (67\%) associated with these lineaments is produced from structures that strike to the north or northeast. In addition, only 15 of the 35 coincident lineaments correlate with the flow zones, indicating that 20 lineaments are not associated with any appreciable flow. Six flow zones are undetected by the lineament analysis.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, BEDROCK, construction, eastern Massachusetts, Engineering geology 30, Framingham Quadrangle, ground water, hydrodynamics, Hydrogeology 21, lineaments, massachusetts, Middlesex County Massachusetts, Natick Quadrangle, tectonics, tunnels, United States},
	isbn = {0017467X},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02489.x/abstract},
	author = {Stephen B Mabee and Curry, Patrick J. and Hardcastle, Kenneth C.}
}
@article {265,
	title = {A method of collecting and analyzing lineaments for regional-scale fractured-bedrock aquifer studies},
	journal = {Ground Water},
	volume = {32},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Accession Number: 1996-036299; Language: English; Coordinates: N435500N435500W0691000W0691000; Coden: GRWAAP; Collation: 11; Publication Types: Serial; Updated Code: 199612; Illustration(s): illus.; Number of References: 20; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {1994/12/01/},
	pages = {884 - 894},
	publisher = {National Water Well Association, Ground-Water Technology Division : Urbana, IL, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {A new method is proposed for collecting and reducing large collections of lineament data. The method consists of three steps: (1) collection of lineament data using multiple observers, multiple observation trials, and several types of imagery; (2) reproducibility tests; and (3) domain overlap analysis. Collection of lineament data and reproducibility tests are performed by overlaying lineament maps drawn by several observers or by superimposing multiple maps prepared by a single observer and identifying lineaments which are coincident (coincident lineaments = lineaments that have azimuths within 5 {\textpm} and separation distances are within 1{\textendash}2 mm at the scale of drawing). Domain overlap analysis is accomplished by measuring the trends of near-vertical fractures at outcrops distributed over the study region and comparing the spatial distribution of these trends with similar-trending coincident lineaments. Lineaments that are not reproducible and are not geographically correlative with fractures are considered unimportant and removed from the data base. The method was applied to a 44 km2 study area in Maine and resulted in a reduction in the lineament data base from 6500 to 217. Transmissivities determined for bedrock wells located within 30 meters of lineaments that are both reproducible and geographically correlative with outcrop-scale fractures are generally higher than the transmissivities of wells located near lineaments that are not separated on the basis of these criteria. Application of the method serves as an important filter by providing a more manageable lineament data base from which to begin detailed field checking and/or geophysical surveys directed toward specific lineaments.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, BEDROCK, coastal environment, fractured materials, Georgetown Island, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, Knox County Maine, lineaments, Maine, mapping, mathematical methods, processes, tectonics, United States},
	isbn = {0017467X},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00928.x/abstract},
	author = {Stephen B Mabee and Hardcastle, Kenneth C. and Donald U Wise}
}
