@proceedings {283,
	title = {Embracing the digital revolution; issues of concern to geological surveys},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Accession Number: 2009-099684; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 44th annual meeting; Portland, ME, United States; Conference Date: 20090322; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 99; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200953; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 44th annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2009/02/01/},
	pages = {99 - 99},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Advancements in GIS and digital mapping techniques have improved the efficient production and visualization of geologic data. The Office of the Massachusetts State Geologist (OMSG) utilizes these tools extensively to produce geologic maps and fulfill its mission of making geologic data freely accessible to the public. Such tools have increased efficiency at the OMSG in fieldwork preparation and map production, in addition to creating new types of geologic maps. This same technology also creates new problems that need to be addressed: 1.) Accessing digital data inherently requires more specialized knowledge than reading a paper document. Most citizens do not have access to commercial GIS software, know how to use it, or know where to get digital data. 2.) The longevity of digital data at present is problematic. Various proprietary data formats and unstable digital media quickly become antiquated and unusable. 3.) Digital geospatial datasets tend to lack uniform and adequate metadata on their quality, origin, purpose, context, and appropriateness of use. In the rush to embrace digital technology it is useful to keep in mind that such tools should simplify our work as geologists and increase the utility and availability of the data we produce. Issues of accessibility can be addressed by education and the adoption of non-proprietary open-source software, data formats and standards. Problems with the viability of data may eventually be solved by advances in technology. In the meantime, stable paper or mylar maps should be not be abandoned. The creation and maintenance of high-quality metadata and well-organized, thorough, centralized databases is critical in keeping the flood of new digital data navigable. In the end, we must be able to easily modify any new technology we adopt to address the problems it presents, or we risk compromising our discipline to fit the limitations of that technology.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, cartography, digital cartography, digitization, geographic information systems, Geologic maps 14, information systems, mapping, techniques},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2009NE/finalprogram/abstract_155603.htm},
	author = {Joseph P Kopera}
}
@proceedings {294,
	title = {Fracture characterization of crystalline bedrock for groundwater investigations; an example from the Marlborough Quadrangle, Massachusetts},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Accession Number: 2005-077195; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 38th annual meeting; Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 53rd annual meeting; Washington, DC, United States; Conference Date: 20040325; Language: English; Coordinates: N421800N421800W0713000W0713000; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 113; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200524; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 38th annual meeting; Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 53rd annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2004/03/01/},
	pages = {113 - 113},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Integration of a wide array of structural data with well-field hydrologic testing is increasingly recognized as a critical step in understanding groundwater flow behavior and recharge in crystalline bedrock aquifers (Lyford et al., 2003, Walsh and Lyford, 2002). The Marlborough Quadrangle, about 40 km west of Boston, was selected as a test case of how a state geological survey can most effectively and efficiently collect and present such data in order to better constrain conceptual models of groundwater flow in general and to be of maximum use for hydrologists and consultants working on specific local problems. In this study, 3200 structural measurements were taken by a two-person team over a nine-week period at 68 stations distributed throughout the quadrangle and keyed into a GIS database. Specialized data sheets allowed efficient recording and digitization of orientations, lengths, spacing and mineralization, and separation of various classes of joints and veins. Fault data also included motion direction and sense. Summary maps in GIS format include standard geologic map bases overlain by typical rose diagrams and stereograms and maps such as fracture domains and trajectories, sheeting distribution, foliation trajectories, bedrock elevations, generalized piezometric surface configuration, and overburden type and thickness with separations into permeability class. Geology of the quadrangle can be separated into three zones: (a) north of the Assabet River Fault (ARF), (b) the area between the ARF and 1.5 km-wide Bloody Bluff Fault Zone (BBFZ), and (c) south of the BBFZ. Generalized foliations in the zones are: (a) 215, 50N, (b) 240, 65N, and (c) 270, 45N. Two pervasive, steeply-dipping (>60 degrees ) fracture sets occur throughout the quadrangle: an older 150 degrees set that includes sulfide-bearing veins and fracture surfaces along the ARF and a 015 degrees set of largely unmineralized common joints, macrojoints (>3 m length) and joint zones (av. 1.2 m width). Sheeting and unloading joints are generally coincident with shallow dipping foliation in (c) but cross-cut foliation in (a) and (b). We believe this approach will provide hydrologists and consultants with basic framework data that will expedite and improve the planning of subsurface investigations, construction activities and groundwater exploration.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, Assabet River Fault, BEDROCK, characterization, controls, crystalline rocks, fractured materials, fractures, geographic information systems, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, hydrology, information systems, joints, Marlborough Quadrangle, massachusetts, Middlesex County Massachusetts, permeability, preferential flow, recharge, style, testing, theoretical models, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2004NE/finalprogram/abstract_70321.htm},
	author = {Scott A Salamoff and Stephen B Mabee and Joseph P Kopera and Donald U Wise}
}
@article {314,
	title = {Overcoming the momentum of anachronism; American geologic mapping in a twenty-first-century world},
	journal = {Special Paper - Geological Society of America},
	volume = {502},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013/09/01/},
	pages = {103 - 125},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	abstract = {The practice of geologic mapping is undergoing conceptual and methodological transformation. Profound changes in digital technology in the past 10 yr have potential to impact all aspects of geologic mapping. The future of geologic mapping as a relevant scientific enterprise depends on widespread adoption of new technology and ideas about the collection, meaning, and utility of geologic map data. It is critical that the geologic community redefine the primary elements of the traditional paper geologic map and improve the integration of the practice of making maps in the field and office with the new ways to record, manage, share, and visualize their underlying data. A modern digital geologic mapping model will enhance scientific discovery, meet elevated expectations of modern geologic map users, and accommodate inevitable future changes in technology.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, applications, areal geology, cartography, computer programs, data processing, digital cartography, geographic information systems, Geologic maps 14, Global Positioning System, history, information systems, laser methods, lidar methods, mapping, methods, technology, United States},
	isbn = {00721077},
	url = {http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/502/103.abstract},
	author = {House, P. Kyle and Clark, Ryan and Joseph P Kopera}
}
