@proceedings {272,
	title = {Characterizing fractured crystalline bedrock aquifers using hydrostructural domains in the Nashoba Terrane, eastern Massachusetts},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Accession Number: 2007-032741; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 2006 annual meeting; Philadelphia, PA, United States; Conference Date: 20061022; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 25; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200709; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 2006 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2006/10/01/},
	pages = {25 - 25},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Fractured crystalline bedrock aquifers are good sources of potable water in many parts of the world. However, siting of highly productive wells in these rock units remains a challenging and expensive task because fracture development at the regional scale is both heterogeneous and anisotropic. Using low cost field data to define units of rock that have similar lithologic and fracture characteristics can significantly reduce time and energy spent on determining areas with better than average aquifer productivity. These physical characteristics that impart a particular hydraulic character on rocks are used to delineate regions with similar hydrologic characteristics called hydrostructural domains (Mackie, 2002). Hydrostructural domains are delineated from fracture characterization data that were collected from 79 outcrops located in the Nashoba Terrane of eastern Massachusetts. Information collected and used to delineate the domains include the number and distribution of fracture sets, types of fractures present or absent, the degree of fracture development, fracture intensity/density, fracture connectivity and rock type. Discrete fracture networks are generated from the fracture characterization data to simulate groundwater flow in the region. Conductivity of particular units is evaluated and compared to results from existing pumping tests obtained from the US Geological Survey. Preliminary results indicate that there is great value in utilizing fracture characteristic data obtained from surface outcrops to predict subsurface groundwater flow characteristics of fractured bedrock aquifers. Water managers, developers and decision makers are eager to know which areas are the most promising for encountering highly conductive zones in the subsurface. Collecting extensive structural data from surface outcrops, although not as accurate as drilling wells, is a cheaper alternative that could provide at least a rough estimate of the hydraulic properties of fractured rocks leading to effective siting of new water wells. Hydrostructural domain maps may pinpoint specific areas that have a high potential for wells to encounter highly conductive zones and could therefore be a powerful tool in transferring information from one site to another without having to repeatedly undertake extensive site characterization.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, anisotropy, aquifers, BEDROCK, characterization, connectivity, crystalline rocks, eastern Massachusetts, fractures, ground water, heterogeneity, hydraulic conductivity, Hydrogeology 21, massachusetts, Nashoba terrane, outcrops, physical properties, site exploration, United States, water wells},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2006AM/finalprogram/abstract_113075.htm},
	author = {Alex K Manda and Stephen B Mabee and David F Boutt}
}
@proceedings {263,
	title = {A cost-effective technique for reconnaissance evaluation of aquifers},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1983},
	note = {Accession Number: 1984-022767; Conference Name: Third national symposium on aquifer restoration and ground-water monitoring; Columbus, OH, United States; Conference Date: 19830525; Language: English; Collation: 7; Collation: 213-219; Publication Types: Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 1984; Illustration(s): illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps; Number of References: 3; Monograph Title: Proceedings of the Third national symposium on aquifer restoration and ground-water monitoring; Monograph Author(s): Nielsen, David M. [editor]; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {1983/01/01/},
	pages = {213 - 219},
	publisher = {National Water Well Association : Worthington, OH, United States},
	address = {United States},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, case studies, economics, evaluation, Groton, ground water, hydrogeology, Hydrogeology 21, Mashpee, massachusetts, methods, monitoring wells, Newton, pollution, pump tests, specific capacity, surveys, transmissivity, United States, waste disposal, water resources, water supply, water wells, wells, Westford},
	isbn = {07499515},
	url = {https://www.google.com/url?sa=t\&rct=j\&q=\&esrc=s\&source=web\&cd=4\&cad=rja\&uact=8\&ved=0CDgQFjAD\&url=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fuwyo.coalliance.org\%2Fislandora\%2Fobject\%2Fwyu\%253A10425\%2Fdatastream\%2FOBJ\%2Fdownload\%2FProceedings_Of_The_Third_National_Symposium_On_Aquifer_R},
	author = {Heeley, Richard W. and Stephen B Mabee}
}
@proceedings {291,
	title = {Field mapping and fracture characterization techniques predict groundwater preferential flow paths in fractured bedrock aquifers, Nashoba Terrane, MA},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Accession Number: 2009-053313; Conference Name: American Geophysical Union 2005 fall meeting; San Francisco, CA, United States; Conference Date: 20051205; Language: English; Coordinates: N420800N424400W0710200W0715300; Coden: EOSTAJ; Collation: -1; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200930; Monograph Title: AGU 2005 fall meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2005/12/01/},
	pages = {1477},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union : Washington, DC, United States},
	edition = {Special supplement},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {A study examining the relationship between fracture characteristics and groundwater was undertaken in the crystalline Nashoba Terrane of eastern Massachusetts. The Nashoba Terrane, a fault-bounded, highly deformed sliver of Paleozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks, covers an area of 600 sq km about 50 km northwest of Boston. Increasing industrial development coupled with population growth place significant pressure on developers to provide sufficient potable water for the population. To aid water development and management, this study examined fracture characteristics at regional, quadrangle and wellfield scales. The regional-scale work involved recording over 4000 structural measurements from 80 outcrops in the terrane. Fracture information recorded at each data station included strike and dip, trace length, spacing, termination, and fracture type. Preliminary results show that hydrostructural domains can be defined from combinations of fracture characterization and rock types. These domains are used to conceptualize general groundwater flow patterns in the subsurface: steeply dipping fractures, such as partings parallel to foliation enhance recharge potential and impose strong flow anisotropy. A different character is observed if steeply dipping joints intersect sheeting joints. In this instance, both recharge and lateral flow will be enhanced and flow anisotropy will be reduced. The distribution and intensity of particular fracture sets varies as a function of rock type, proximity to major features and local stress states. Partings parallel to foliation are prevalent in gneissic rocks whereas sheeting joints are more common in igneous rocks. Common joints are the most prevalent fractures, present in all rock types across the entire terrane. Quadrangle and wellfield scale data can be used to validate the regional-scale conceptual models. A comprehensive well-yield database was created to test the proposed models. Over 500 water wells in the terrane were evaluated to determine regions with high and low yield. The findings were evaluated in terms of location with respect to newly defined hydrostructural domain maps at both regional and quadrangle scales. Application of these hydrostructural domains in field studies can be useful not only in characterizing fracture intensity and distribution, but can shed more light on the potential of intersecting subsurface zones that could be exploited for economic gain. 

},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, BEDROCK, characterization, fractured materials, fractures, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, mapping, massachusetts, Middlesex County Massachusetts, movement, Nashoba terrane, patterns, preferential flow, recharge, reservoir properties, substrates, United States},
	isbn = {00963941},
	author = {Alex K Manda and Stephen B Mabee and Hubbs, S. A.}
}
@proceedings {293,
	title = {Fracture characterization maps; a new type of geologic map for hydrogeologic applications},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Accession Number: 2006-039166; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 2005 annual meeting; Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Conference Date: 20051016; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 145; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200612; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 2005 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2005/10/01/},
	pages = {145 - 145},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Integration of a wide array of structural data with well-field hydrologic testing is increasingly recognized as a critical step in understanding groundwater flow behavior and recharge in crystalline bedrock aquifers (Lyford et al., 2003, Walsh and Lyford, 2002). As part of its rejuvenated mapping program, The Massachusetts Office of the State Geologist has been producing fracture characterization maps as a value-added accompaniment to traditional 1:24:000-scale bedrock mapping. Fracture characterization maps reclassify bedrock into domains of varying hydrologic significance, by combining rock properties (foliation steepness and development, partings, sheeting development, etc...) and type of overburden (permeable vs. non-permeable). The goal of these maps is to better understand preferential flow directions in the bedrock and the potential hydraulic connections between surficial and bedrock aquifers. Each fracture characterization map contains several summary panels, including standard geologic map bases overlain by typical rose diagrams and stereonets displaying fracture domains and trajectories, sheeting distribution, foliation trajectories, bedrock elevations, generalized piezometric surface configuration, and overburden type and thickness with separations into permeability class. A GIS well database is also included, showing well distribution, yield, bedrock elevation, and "hot-linked" well log images. All maps and raw data are made available to the public in paper, digital (PDF) or GIS format. We believe this approach will provide hydrologists and consultants with basic framework data that will expedite and improve the planning of subsurface investigations, construction activities, and groundwater exploration.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, applications, aquifers, BEDROCK, characterization, classification, crystalline rocks, exploration, fractures, ground water, hydrodynamics, Hydrogeology 21, mapping, movement, overburden, permeability, potentiometric surface, spatial distribution, surficial aquifers, thickness, water wells, water yield},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005AM/finalprogram/abstract_94576.htm},
	author = {Stephen B Mabee and Joseph P Kopera}
}
@proceedings {294,
	title = {Fracture characterization of crystalline bedrock for groundwater investigations; an example from the Marlborough Quadrangle, Massachusetts},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Accession Number: 2005-077195; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 38th annual meeting; Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 53rd annual meeting; Washington, DC, United States; Conference Date: 20040325; Language: English; Coordinates: N421800N421800W0713000W0713000; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 113; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200524; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 38th annual meeting; Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 53rd annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2004/03/01/},
	pages = {113 - 113},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Integration of a wide array of structural data with well-field hydrologic testing is increasingly recognized as a critical step in understanding groundwater flow behavior and recharge in crystalline bedrock aquifers (Lyford et al., 2003, Walsh and Lyford, 2002). The Marlborough Quadrangle, about 40 km west of Boston, was selected as a test case of how a state geological survey can most effectively and efficiently collect and present such data in order to better constrain conceptual models of groundwater flow in general and to be of maximum use for hydrologists and consultants working on specific local problems. In this study, 3200 structural measurements were taken by a two-person team over a nine-week period at 68 stations distributed throughout the quadrangle and keyed into a GIS database. Specialized data sheets allowed efficient recording and digitization of orientations, lengths, spacing and mineralization, and separation of various classes of joints and veins. Fault data also included motion direction and sense. Summary maps in GIS format include standard geologic map bases overlain by typical rose diagrams and stereograms and maps such as fracture domains and trajectories, sheeting distribution, foliation trajectories, bedrock elevations, generalized piezometric surface configuration, and overburden type and thickness with separations into permeability class. Geology of the quadrangle can be separated into three zones: (a) north of the Assabet River Fault (ARF), (b) the area between the ARF and 1.5 km-wide Bloody Bluff Fault Zone (BBFZ), and (c) south of the BBFZ. Generalized foliations in the zones are: (a) 215, 50N, (b) 240, 65N, and (c) 270, 45N. Two pervasive, steeply-dipping (>60 degrees ) fracture sets occur throughout the quadrangle: an older 150 degrees set that includes sulfide-bearing veins and fracture surfaces along the ARF and a 015 degrees set of largely unmineralized common joints, macrojoints (>3 m length) and joint zones (av. 1.2 m width). Sheeting and unloading joints are generally coincident with shallow dipping foliation in (c) but cross-cut foliation in (a) and (b). We believe this approach will provide hydrologists and consultants with basic framework data that will expedite and improve the planning of subsurface investigations, construction activities and groundwater exploration.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, Assabet River Fault, BEDROCK, characterization, controls, crystalline rocks, fractured materials, fractures, geographic information systems, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, hydrology, information systems, joints, Marlborough Quadrangle, massachusetts, Middlesex County Massachusetts, permeability, preferential flow, recharge, style, testing, theoretical models, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2004NE/finalprogram/abstract_70321.htm},
	author = {Scott A Salamoff and Stephen B Mabee and Joseph P Kopera and Donald U Wise}
}
@proceedings {302,
	title = {Implications of diurnal river fluctuations on mass transport in a valley-fill aquifer},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Accession Number: 2010-061334; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 2006 annual meeting; Philadelphia, PA, United States; Conference Date: 20061022; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 468; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 201034; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 2006 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2006/10/01/},
	pages = {468 - 468},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Aquifers located in isolated stratified drift deposits in the northeastern portion of the US are extremely fragile and important groundwater resources. These aquifers, when restricted to bedrock valleys, are often strongly coupled to significant surface water drainage systems. In northwestern Massachusetts, surface water associated with the Deerfield River watershed is highly regulated by dams to protect against flooding and to generate hydroelectric power. Regular releases of water from these dams cause diurnal fluctuations in river stage. In a previous study performed by the USGS, measurements from two clusters of wells show a significant response to river stage fluctuations in the aquifer. Fluctuations in river stage and resulting changes in head levels in the aquifer cause a switch from a losing to a gaining stream. The flow reversals have implications for mass transport and nutrient cycling within the hyporheic zone. In this paper we investigate the physical hydrologic controls on mass transport in the shallow aquifer. Using a coupled groundwater flow and transport code, we built a quasi three dimensional transient numerical model to approximate the head changes in the aquifer caused by the stage fluctuations in the river. Flow velocities and residence times were estimated in the aquifer for a variety of flow conditions. The mixing process driven by the aquifer head changes were quantified in the proximity of the hyporheic zone and shown to significantly influence both vertical and horizontal flow velocities in a region close to the stream-aquifer boundary. The diurnal river stage changes also appear to influence farfield hydrologic conditions and potentially hydrologically isolate the river and hyporheic zone. To further investigate these mixing processes we applied a mass transport code with conservative tracers to the aquifer. Fluctuation of the river stage combined with the heterogeneous nature of the aquifer creates a pumping mechanism that creates excess mixing within shallow portions of the aquifer. Aquifer dispersivity and molecular diffusion both contribute to the anomalous mixing modeled in the shallow aquifer. Mixing driven by stream stage changes has important implications for nutrient cycling as well as contaminant transport in the shallow aquifer.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, BEDROCK, clastic sediments, controls, diffusion, diurnal variations, drainage, drift, Eastern U.S., Environmental geology 22, floods, fluctuations, geochemical cycle, geologic hazards, ground water, measurement, mixing, models, Northeastern U.S., numerical models, nutrients, pollution, processes, pumping, quantitative analysis, residence time, sediments, shallow aquifers, surface water, three-dimensional models, tracers, transport, United States, valleys, water pollution, water resources, water wells},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2006AM/finalprogram/abstract_115285.htm},
	author = {Brandon J Fleming and David F Boutt and Stephen B Mabee}
}
@proceedings {308,
	title = {Lineaments; their value in assessing regional groundwater availability and quality in bedrock aquifers of glaciated metamorphic terrains; a case study},
	volume = {25},
	year = {1993},
	note = {Accession Number: 1993-017600; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 28th annual meeting; Burlington, VT, United States; Conference Date: 19930322; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 35; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 1993; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 28th annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {1993/03/01/},
	pages = {35 - 35},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, amphibolite, aquifers, Atlantic Coastal Plain, BEDROCK, central Maine, fractures, Georgetown Maine, ground water, hydraulic conductivity, hydrogeology, lineaments, Maine, metamorphic rocks, structural controls, United States, water quality},
	isbn = {00167592},
	issn = {0016-7592},
	author = {Stephen B Mabee}
}
@proceedings {267,
	title = {A new way of looking at, and mapping, bedrock; the hydrostructural domain map of the Ayer Quadrangle, northeastern Massachusetts},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Accession Number: 2008-100620; Conference Name: Geological Society of America, 2006 annual meeting; Philadelphia, PA, United States; Conference Date: 20061022; Language: English; Coden: GAAPBC; Collation: 1; Collation: 166; Publication Types: Abstract Only; Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 200816; Monograph Title: Geological Society of America, 2006 annual meeting; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2006/10/01/},
	pages = {166 - 166},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {While traditional bedrock geologic maps contain valuable information, they commonly lack data on fractures and physical properties of the rock. The increased need for better understanding of groundwater behavior in bedrock aquifers has made this data critical. Hydrostructural domain maps reclassify bedrock based on fracture systems and physical properties that may have implications for groundwater flow and recharge. These maps are constructed from detailed field observations and measurements of 2000-3000 fractures from 60-70 stations across a 7.5{\textquoteright} quadrangle. Hydrostructural domains are displayed on the map as traditional lithologic units would be, with detailed descriptions and photos of the fracture characteristics and physical properties of each hydrostructural "unit". In the Ayer Quadrangle, such domains closely correspond with bedrock lithology and ductile structural history. Steeply dipping metasedimentary rocks of the Merrimack Belt have pervasive, closely spaced, throughgoing fractures developed parallel to foliation, and therefore provide an excellent potential for vertical recharge. Where these rocks are intensely cut by a strong subhorizontal cleavage, a parallel fracture set dominates providing an opportunity for lateral flow. Massive granites generally have a well developed, widely-spaced orthogonal network of fracture zones which may provide excellent local recharge. High-grade gneisses of the Nashoba Terrane have poorly developed fracture sets except near regional shear zones, where foliation parallel fractures and cross-joints may provide good vertical recharge and provide a strong northeast trending flow anisotropy. These maps are intended to provide a regional-scale information to assist in site-specific groundwater investigations. We believe that such maps are an example of how new types of geologic maps can, and must, be developed to address changing societal needs.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, Ayer Quadrangle, BEDROCK, faults, foliation, fracture zones, fractures, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, joints, mapping, massachusetts, measurement, Merrimack Belt, movement, Nashoba terrane, northeastern Massachusetts, observations, orientation, physical properties, recharge, shear zones, Structural geology 16, style, United States},
	isbn = {00167592},
	url = {https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2006AM/finalprogram/abstract_116561.htm},
	author = {Joseph P Kopera and Stephen B Mabee}
}
@article {270,
	title = {Analyzing outcrop-scale fracture features to supplement investigations of bedrock aquifers},
	journal = {Hydrogeology Journal},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Accession Number: 1998-019185; Language: English; Language of Summary: French; Spanish; Coordinates: N364500N374500W1190100W1203800; Collation: 16; Publication Types: Serial; Updated Code: 199808; Illustration(s): illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps; Number of References: 28; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {1997/01/01/},
	pages = {21 - 36},
	publisher = {Verlag Heinz Heise : Hanover, Federal Republic of Germany},
	address = {Federal Republic of Germany},
	abstract = {A case study was conducted of 79 outcrops within 150 meters of the nine, 7590 m deep boreholes at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) Fracture Hydrology Field Site in Raymond, California, USA, in order to make preliminary comparisons between surface fracture data and geophysical and hydrologic testing conducted in the boreholes. The orientation, trace length, spacing, roughness, planarity, associated mineralization, and domains (the geographic distribution of specific fracture sets) of 471 fractures were measured. Five families of steeply-dipping fractures and one family of shallow dipping fractures comprise 75 percent of the data and trend 52, 62, 130, 147, 173, and 35, respectively. The geographic distributions (domains) of the families, however, show the well field to be within the domains of the 62-, 173- and 35-trending families. The steeply-dipping fractures detected in the boreholes by LBL via acoustic televiewer logging trend about 65, 173, and 30 corroborating the findings of the fracture-domain analysis. Results indicate that the boreholes are located within a laumontite-mineralized area, including a steeply-dipping, 160-trending zone, 520 cm wide, of laumontite-rich pods that transects the boreholes. Independent hydrologic tests by LBL revealed a 160-trending barrier to groundwater flow between some of the boreholes, precisely where the 160-trending zone of laumontite-mineralized pods was mapped.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, BEDROCK, boreholes, California, dip fractures, field studies, fractures, framework silicates, ground water, hydrodynamics, Hydrogeology 21, laumontite, Madera County California, mapping, mineralization, movement, Raymond California, roughness, silicates, United States, zeolite group},
	isbn = {1431217414350157},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s100400050106},
	author = {Stephen B Mabee and Hardcastle, Kenneth C.}
}
@article {277,
	title = {Correlation of lineaments and bedrock fracture fabric; implications for regional fractured-bedrock aquifer studies, preliminary results from Georgetown, Maine},
	journal = {Ground Water Management},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1990},
	note = {Accession Number: 1991-010604; Conference Name: FOCUS conference on Eastern regional ground water issues; Springfield, MA, United States; Conference Date: 19901017; Language: English; Collation: 15; Collation: 283-297; Publication Types: Serial; Conference document; Updated Code: 1991; Illustration(s): illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps; Number of References: 15; Monograph Title: Proceedings of the FOCUS conference on Eastern regional ground water issues; Monograph Author(s): Anonymous; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {1990/01/01/},
	pages = {283 - 297},
	publisher = {Water Well Journal Pub. Co. : Dublin, OH, United States},
	address = {United States},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, fractured materials, fractures, geophysical surveys, Georgetown Maine, ground water, hydrogeology, Hydrogeology 21, imagery, Maine, remote sensing, Sagadahoc County Maine, SLAR, surveys, United States},
	isbn = {10479023},
	url = {http://info.ngwa.org/gwol/pdf/900156672.PDF},
	author = {Stephen B Mabee and Hardcastle, Kenneth C. and Donald U Wise}
}
@article {278,
	title = {Correlation of lineaments to ground water inflows in a bedrock tunnel},
	journal = {Ground Water},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Accession Number: 2002-016666; Language: English; Coordinates: N420800N422800W0714300W0715300; Coden: GRWAAP; Collation: 7; Publication Types: Serial; Updated Code: 200206; Illustration(s): illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch map; Number of References: 38; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2002/02/01/},
	pages = {37 - 43},
	publisher = {National Ground Water Association : Urbana, IL, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {Lineaments derived from three image types (1:80,000 black and white, 1:58,000 color infrared, and 1:250,000 side-looking airborne radar) were compared to water-bearing features within a 9.6 km section of tunnel being constructed through foliated crystalline metamorphic bedrock in a glaciated region of eastern Massachusetts. Lineaments drawn by three observers during two independent trials (N = 9137) were reduced to three sets (one per image type) of coincident lineaments (N = 794). Thirty-five coincident lineaments crossed the tunnel. Nineteen discrete flow zones, each producing >= 19 L/min, were identified in the tunnel and used to quantify the reliability of lineament analysis as a method of predicting water-bearing features in glaciated metamorphic rocks.

Thirteen (68\%) of the flow zones correlate with coincident lineaments, six zones correlate with more than one image type, and one zone correlates with all three image types. Overall, without additional corroborating evidence, it is difficult to interpret in advance which lineaments will result in a successful correlation with water-producing zones in the subsurface and which ones will not. Most of the observed flow (80\%) correlates with northwest-trending coincident lineaments; however, the majority of the flow (67\%) associated with these lineaments is produced from structures that strike to the north or northeast. In addition, only 15 of the 35 coincident lineaments correlate with the flow zones, indicating that 20 lineaments are not associated with any appreciable flow. Six flow zones are undetected by the lineament analysis.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, BEDROCK, construction, eastern Massachusetts, Engineering geology 30, Framingham Quadrangle, ground water, hydrodynamics, Hydrogeology 21, lineaments, massachusetts, Middlesex County Massachusetts, Natick Quadrangle, tectonics, tunnels, United States},
	isbn = {0017467X},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02489.x/abstract},
	author = {Stephen B Mabee and Curry, Patrick J. and Hardcastle, Kenneth C.}
}
@article {290,
	title = {Factors influencing well productivity in glaciated metamorphic rocks},
	journal = {Ground Water},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Accession Number: 1999-037034; Language: English; Coden: GRWAAP; Collation: 10; Publication Types: Serial; Updated Code: 199913; Illustration(s): illus. incl. 7 tables, geol. sketch map; Number of References: 37; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {1999/02/01/},
	pages = {88 - 97},
	publisher = {National Water Well Association, Ground-Water Technology Division : Urbana, IL, United States},
	address = {United States},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, BEDROCK, controls, depth, drinking water, fractures, Georgetown Island, glacial environment, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, Maine, metamorphic rocks, porosity, surface water, thickness, topography, transmissivity, United States, water wells},
	isbn = {0017467X},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00961.x/abstract},
	author = {Stephen B Mabee}
}
@article {264,
	title = {A field study (Massachusetts, USA) of the factors controlling the depth of groundwater flow systems in crystalline fractured-rock terrain},
	journal = {Hydrogeology Journal},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Accession Number: 2011-042136; Language: English; Coordinates: N420000N425000W0695500W0714500; Collation: 16; Publication Types: Serial; Updated Code: 201124; Illustration(s): illus. incl. 3 tables, geol. sketch map; Number of References: 58; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2010/12/01/},
	pages = {1839 - 1854},
	publisher = {Springer : Berlin - Heidelberg, Germany},
	address = {Federal Republic of Germany},
	abstract = {Groundwater movement and availability in crystalline and metamorphosed rocks is dominated by the secondary porosity generated through fracturing. The distributions of fractures and fracture zones determine permeable pathways and the productivity of these rocks. Controls on how these distributions vary with depth in the shallow subsurface (<300 m) and their resulting influence on groundwater flow is not well understood. The results of a subsurface study in the Nashoba and Avalon terranes of eastern Massachusetts (USA), which is a region experiencing expanded use of the fractured bedrock as a potable-supply aquifer, are presented. The study logged the distribution of fractures in 17 boreholes, identified flowing fractures, and hydraulically characterized the rock mass intersecting the boreholes. Of all fractures encountered, 2.5\% are hydraulically active. Boreholes show decreasing fracture frequency up to 300 m depth, with hydraulically active fractures showing a similar trend; this restricts topographically driven flow. Borehole temperature profiles corroborate this, with minimal hydrologically altered flow observed in the profiles below 100 m. Results from this study suggest that active flow systems in these geologic settings are shallow and that fracture permeability outside of the influence of large-scale structures will follow a decreasing trend with depth. Copyright 2010 Springer-Verlag},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, boreholes, crystalline rocks, eastern Massachusetts, fractured materials, fractures, ground water, hydraulic conductivity, Hydrogeology 21, massachusetts, Nashoba terrane, permeability, porosity, preferential flow, shallow-water environment, substrates, United States},
	isbn = {1431217414350157},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs10040-010-0640-y},
	author = {David F Boutt and Diggins, Patrick and Stephen B Mabee}
}
@article {315,
	title = {Implications of anthropogenic river stage fluctuations on mass transport in a valley fill aquifer},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009/01/01/},
	pages = {@CitationW04427 - @CitationW04427},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union : Washington, DC, United States},
	abstract = {In humid regions a strong coupling between surface water features and groundwater systems may exist. In these environments the exchange of water and solute depends primarily on the hydraulic gradient between the reservoirs. We hypothesize that daily changes in river stage associated with anthropogenic water releases (such as those from a hydroelectric dam) cause anomalous mixing in the near-stream environment by creating large hydraulic head gradients between the stream and adjacent aquifer. We present field observations of hydraulic gradient reversals in a shallow aquifer. Important physical processes observed in the field are explicitly reproduced in a physically based two-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow coupled to a simplistic surface water boundary condition. Mass transport simulations of a conservative solute introduced into the surface water are performed and examined relative to a stream condition without stage fluctuations. Simulations of 20 d for both fluctuating river stage and fixed high river stage show that more mass is introduced into the aquifer from the stream in the oscillating case even though the net water flux is zero. Enhanced transport by mechanical dispersion leads to mass being driven away from the hydraulic zone of influence of the river. The modification of local hydraulic gradients is likely to be important for understanding dissolved mass transport in near-stream aquifer environments and can influence exchange zone processes under conditions of high-frequency stream stage changes.},
	keywords = {$\#$Hydro, $\#$WaterResources, aquifers, boundary conditions, Charlemont, Deerfield River basin, fluctuations, fluvial features, Franklin County Massachusetts, ground water, human activity, Hydrogeology 21, hydrology, massachusetts, numerical models, preferential flow, rivers, shallow aquifers, streams, surface water, transport, two-dimensional models, United States, valleys},
	isbn = {0043139719447973},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2007WR006526/full},
	author = {David F Boutt and Brandon J Fleming}
}
@article {265,
	title = {A method of collecting and analyzing lineaments for regional-scale fractured-bedrock aquifer studies},
	journal = {Ground Water},
	volume = {32},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Accession Number: 1996-036299; Language: English; Coordinates: N435500N435500W0691000W0691000; Coden: GRWAAP; Collation: 11; Publication Types: Serial; Updated Code: 199612; Illustration(s): illus.; Number of References: 20; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {1994/12/01/},
	pages = {884 - 894},
	publisher = {National Water Well Association, Ground-Water Technology Division : Urbana, IL, United States},
	address = {United States},
	abstract = {A new method is proposed for collecting and reducing large collections of lineament data. The method consists of three steps: (1) collection of lineament data using multiple observers, multiple observation trials, and several types of imagery; (2) reproducibility tests; and (3) domain overlap analysis. Collection of lineament data and reproducibility tests are performed by overlaying lineament maps drawn by several observers or by superimposing multiple maps prepared by a single observer and identifying lineaments which are coincident (coincident lineaments = lineaments that have azimuths within 5 {\textpm} and separation distances are within 1{\textendash}2 mm at the scale of drawing). Domain overlap analysis is accomplished by measuring the trends of near-vertical fractures at outcrops distributed over the study region and comparing the spatial distribution of these trends with similar-trending coincident lineaments. Lineaments that are not reproducible and are not geographically correlative with fractures are considered unimportant and removed from the data base. The method was applied to a 44 km2 study area in Maine and resulted in a reduction in the lineament data base from 6500 to 217. Transmissivities determined for bedrock wells located within 30 meters of lineaments that are both reproducible and geographically correlative with outcrop-scale fractures are generally higher than the transmissivities of wells located near lineaments that are not separated on the basis of these criteria. Application of the method serves as an important filter by providing a more manageable lineament data base from which to begin detailed field checking and/or geophysical surveys directed toward specific lineaments.},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, BEDROCK, coastal environment, fractured materials, Georgetown Island, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, Knox County Maine, lineaments, Maine, mapping, mathematical methods, processes, tectonics, United States},
	isbn = {0017467X},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00928.x/abstract},
	author = {Stephen B Mabee and Hardcastle, Kenneth C. and Donald U Wise}
}
@article {266,
	title = {A method of estimating bulk potential permeability in fractured-rock aquifers using field-derived fracture data and type curves},
	journal = {Hydrogeology Journal},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Accession Number: 2013-055373; Language: English; Coordinates: N421500N424500W0704500W0714500; Collation: 13; Publication Types: Serial; Updated Code: 201334; Illustration(s): illus. incl. 4 tables, geol. sketch maps; Number of References: 41; Reviewed Item: Analytic},
	month = {2013/03/01/},
	pages = {357 - 369},
	publisher = {Springer : Berlin - Heidelberg, Germany},
	address = {Federal Republic of Germany},
	abstract = {A method is devised for estimating the potential permeability of fracture networks from attributes of fractures observed in outcrop. The technique, which is intended as a complement to traditional approaches, is based on type curves that represent various combinations of fracture lengths, fracture orientations and proportions (i.e., intensities) of fractures that participate in flow. Numerical models are used to derive the type curves. To account for variations in fracture aperture, a permeability ratio (R) defined as the permeability of a fracture network in a domain divided by the permeability of a single fracture with identical fracture apertures, is used as a dependent variable to derive the type curves. The technique works by determining the point on the type curve that represents the fracture characteristics collected in the field. To test the performance of the technique, permeabilities that were derived from fractured-rock aquifers of eastern Massachusetts (USA) are compared to permeabilities predicted by the technique. Results indicate that permeabilities estimated from type curves are within an order of magnitude of permeabilities derived from field tests. First-order estimates of fracture-network permeability can, therefore, be easily and quickly acquired with this technique before more robust and expensive methods are utilized in the field. Copyright 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
	keywords = {$\#$StaffPubs, aquifers, boundary conditions, eastern Massachusetts, fractured materials, fractures, ground water, Hydrogeology 21, massachusetts, Nashoba terrane, naturally fractured reservoirs, numerical models, permeability, prediction, pump tests, simulation, two-dimensional models, United States},
	isbn = {1431217414350157},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs10040-012-0919-2},
	author = {Alex K Manda and Stephen B Mabee and David F Boutt and Cooke, Michele L.}
}
